Narrator: 宇宙的诞生就注定了其消亡。 Narrator: THE UNIVERSE WAS BORN TO DIE.
但是它会如何，以及何时结束呢？ BUT HOW AND WHEN WILL IT ALL END?
这就是我成为宇宙学家的原因。 THAT'S THE REASON I BECAME A COSMOLOGIST.
我希望成为首个知道 I WANTED TO BE THE FIRST PERSON THAT WOULD KNOW
宇宙如何结束的人。 HOW THE UNIVERSE WOULD END.
两个宇宙巨头在争夺控制权。 TWO COSMIC HEAVYWEIGHTS WRESTLE FOR CONTROL.
胜者决定我们的命运。 THE WINNER SEALS OUR FATE.
争夺的力量就是引力， THE TUG OF WAR IS GRAVITY,
它仍在试图 将其收缩， WHICH IS TRYING TO SHRINK IT DOWN,
和空间与时间本身的扩张。 AND THE EXPANSION OF SPACE AND TIME ITSELF.
引力会统治吗？ WILL GRAVITY TRIUMPH?
宇宙将进一步收缩， 变得越来越小，越来越热。 THE UNIVERSE WILL GET SMALLER AND SMALLER, HOTTER AND HOTTER.
Narrator: 或者会让扩张 占据优势？ Narrator: OR WILL EXPANSION GET THE UPPER HAND?
甚至你原子周围的电子 都会被撕裂。 EVEN THE ELECTRONS AROUND YOUR ATOMS WILL BE RIPPED APART.
Narrator: 结束正在逼近， Narrator: THE END IS COMING,
可能比你想象的 还要快。 AND IT COULD BE SOONER THAN YOU THINK.
Narrator: 宇宙就是一切—— Narrator: THE UNIVERSE IS EVERYTHING --
所有的空间，所有的时间，所有的物质。 ALL SPACE, ALL TIME, ALL MATTER.
和宇宙相比，地球就像小小的一粒颗粒， THE EARTH IS A SPECK BY COMPARISON,
只是在2000亿颗星星中 环绕着其中一颗的一颗石粒， A GRAIN OF ROCK ORBITING JUST ONE OF THE 200 BILLION STARS
在我们的家园银河系中。 IN OUR HOME GALAXY, THE MILKY WAY.
反过来说，这个庞大的结构 只是满天繁星的一滴， IN TURN, THIS ENORMOUS STRUCTURE IS JUST A DROP
在银河海洋中 绵延 IN AN OCEAN OF GALAXIES THAT STRETCH
达900亿光年。 FOR 90 BILLION LIGHT YEARS.
所有这些， AND ALL OF THIS,
从最大的银河 到最小的原子， FROM THE BIGGEST GALAXY TO THE SMALLEST ATOM,
都将有一天会死去。 WILL ONE DAY DIE.
我们没有看到任何事情 具有永恒性的证据。 WE DON'T SEE EVIDENCE OF ANYTHING BEING ETERNAL.
永恒并不存在。 ETERNITY DOESN'T EXIST.
甚至空间和时间 也会走到尽头。 EVEN SPACE AND TIME WILL COME TO AN END.
Narrator: 宇宙一直以来 都在扩张， Narrator: THE UNIVERSE HAS BEEN EXPANDING SINCE ITS BIRTH,
逐渐消耗燃烧 照亮星星的燃料。 GRADUALLY BURNING THROUGH THE FUEL THAT LIGHTS ITS STARS.
但是当燃料消耗完毕时， 会发生什么呢？ BUT WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THE FUEL RUNS OUT?
它是否会悄然黯淡？ WILL IT ALL JUST FADE AWAY?
星星消亡， 用完他们的核燃料。 STARS DIE OUT, USE UP THEIR NUCLEAR FUEL.
我们会有一个空虚、冷漠、荒芜的宇宙。 WE HAVE AN EMPTY, COLD, DESOLATE UNIVERSE.
Thaller: 只剩下死去的残骸—— Thaller: JUST DEAD REMNANTS OF STARS --
黑洞，中子星。 BLACK HOLES, NEUTRON STARS.
最终，它们会衰变， EVENTUALLY, THEY DECAY AWAY,
你只能看到一片稀疏的 低能量光线的雾霭。 AND YOU'RE LEFT WITH A THIN HAZE OF VERY LOW ENERGY LIGHT.
就是这样。 THAT'S IT.
Narrator: 我们过去曾经认为宇宙 Narrator: WE USED TO THINK THE UNIVERSE
会平静的步入老年。 WOULD CRUISE GENTLY INTO OLD AGE.
但是在过去的几十年里， BUT OVER THE PAST FEW DECADES,
天文学家们 揭示了一个迥然不同 ASTRONOMERS HAVE REVEALED A VERY DIFFERENT
而令人不安的画面。 AND DISTURBING PICTURE.
宇宙并没有在无动于衷。 THE UNIVERSE ISN'T CRUISING.
它在为生存进行斗争。 IT'S FIGHTING FOR ITS LIFE.
在地球上，哪怕是在 一个晴朗的日子，看起来好像很平静， IT MAY SEEM PEACEFUL HERE ON EARTH ON A NICE, SUNNY DAY,
但其实在我们头顶 以及我们周围， BUT IN FACT, ABOVE US AND ALL AROUND US,
铺满了宇宙， 一场战争正在进行， THROUGHOUT THE UNIVERSE, A BATTLE IS RAGING,
并且它自时间的起源 就开始进行了。 AND IT HAS RAGED SINCE THE BEGINNING OF TIME.
Narrator: 两个致命的力量 在争夺控制权。 Narrator: TWO DEADLY FORCES GRAPPLE FOR CONTROL.
首先，扩张， 拉扯着银河， THE FIRST, EXPANSION, PULLS GALAXIES APART,
冷却宇宙 并以冻结的灭绝威胁它。 COOLING THE UNIVERSE AND THREATENING IT
接着，引力 WITH A FROZEN EXTINCTION.
第二个力量是引力，它试图把一切都压缩回去， THE SECOND, GRAVITY, TRIES TO CRUSH EVERYTHING BACK TOGETHER,
在一团密集的火球中，将宇宙消灭。 ANNIHILATING THE UNIVERSE IN A DENSE BALL OF FIRE.
引力或是膨胀会胜出吗？ WILL GRAVITY OR EXPANSION WIN?
还是会打成平手？ OR WILL IT END IN A TIE?
这两个巨大的力量导致了三种结果。 THESE TWO COLOSSAL FORCES YIELD THREE ENDGAMES.
Oluseyi:一个是大冻结。 Oluseyi: ONE IS THE BIG FREEZE.
膨胀胜出，宇宙会无休止地扩张。 EXPANSION WINS, AND THE UNIVERSE JUST EXPANDS FOREVER.
第二种是膨胀和引力之间存在微妙的平衡， THE SECOND IS THAT THERE IS A DELICATE BALANCE
引力之间的膨胀 BETWEEN THE EXPANSION
和引力的吸引力， AND THE AMOUNT OF GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION,
宇宙会达到一个特定的大小， AND THE UNIVERSE GETS TO A PARTICULAR SIZE,
并且它基本上就会保持在那里。 AND IT PRETTY MUCH STAYS THERE.
还有第三种结果就是， AND THE THIRD OUTCOME IS THAT
引力胜出， THE GRAVITATIONAL ATTRACTION WINS,
膨胀停止， AND THE EXPANSION STOPS,
宇宙开始变小， AND THE UNIVERSE BEGINS TO GET SMALLER
直到最后，它回到大紧缩的状态。 UNTIL, EVENTUALLY, IT GOES BACK TO A BIG CRUNCH.
到目前为止，宇宙似乎在 Narrator: SO FAR, THE UNIVERSE SEEMS BALANCED
膨胀和收缩之间走钢丝。 ON A TIGHTROPE BETWEEN EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION.
但是它会保持平衡直到力量耗尽， BUT WILL IT KEEP ITS EQUILIBRIUM UNTIL IT RUNS OUT OF STEAM,
或是有什么东西打破这个平衡？ OR WILL SOMETHING TIP THE BALANCE?
我觉得没有什么比这个问题更大， I DON'T THINK THERE'S ANY BIGGER QUESTION THAN,
宇宙将去往何方？ WHERE IS THE UNIVERSE GOING?
为了预测未来，宇宙学家总是回顾 Narrator: TO PREDICT THE FUTURE, COSMOLOGISTS HAVE ALWAYS LOOKED
过去，回到膨胀的开始， TO THE PAST, BACK TO THE BEGINNING OF EXPANSION,
回到引力的开始，回到一切的起源。 THE BEGINNING OF GRAVITY, THE BEGINNING OF EVERYTHING.
138亿年前，一个无限密集的， 13.8 BILLION YEARS AGO, AN INFINITELY DENSE,
热点瞬间点燃并迅速膨胀 -- HOT SPECK IGNITES AND SUDDENLY EXPANDS OUTWARD --
大爆炸。 THE BIG BANG.
所有的能量，所有的空间，所有的物质... ALL ENERGY, ALL SPACE, AND ALL MATTER...
...宇宙的构建模块， ...THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE UNIVERSE WE SEE TODAY,
被创造出来并开始运动。 ARE CREATED AND SET IN MOTION.
Kaku:想想看。 Kaku: THINK OF IT.
你看到的一切 EVERYTHING YOU SEE AROUND US
都浓缩在那个原始的火球里，然后它爆炸了， CONCENTRATED INTO A PRIMORDIAL FIREBALL THAT EXPLODED,
把所有的星系都推动起来。 SENDING ALL THE GALAXIES INTO MOTION.
这种向外的冲击，膨胀的诞生， Narrator: THAT OUTWARD BLAST, THE BIRTH OF EXPANSION,
一直持续到今天。 IS STILL GOING ON TODAY.
没有它，我们就没有一个足够大的宇宙 WITHOUT IT, WE WOULDN'T HAVE A UNIVERSE BIG ENOUGH
供星星和星系存在。 FOR STARS AND GALAXIES TO EXIST IN.
膨胀是自然界中的惊人力量。 EXPANSION IS AN ASTONISHING FORCE OF NATURE.
它通过膨胀时空织物来运作。 IT WORKS BY INFLATING THE FABRIC OF SPACE-TIME.
Kaku:星系间的空隙在扩展， Kaku: SPACE BETWEEN GALAXIES EXPANDS,
并将星系推向四处。 AND IT PUSHES THE GALAXIES APART.
空间像携带浪花的冲浪者一样带领着物体。 SPACE CARRIES OBJECTS WITH IT LIKE A SURFER ON A WAVE.
这在每一个空间的部分都在发生。 IT'S GOING ON IN EVERY PART OF SPACE.
甚至在此刻的你身体内， EVEN INSIDE YOUR BODY RIGHT NOW,
空间也在尽力膨胀。 THERE'S A PRESSURE FOR SPACE TO EXPAND.
膨胀产生了广袤的、移动的舞台， Narrator: EXPANSION GENERATED THE VAST, MOVING STAGE
我们的宇宙就在这舞台上演。 ON WHICH TODAY'S UNIVERSE PLAYS OUT.
但若无人控制，它可能成为 BUT LEFT UNCHECKED, IT COULD HAVE BEEN A FORCE
完全的毁灭之力。 FOR UTTER ANNIHILATION.
Carroll：如果宇宙膨胀得更快， Carroll: IF THE UNIVERSE HAD BEEN EXPANDING MUCH FASTER,
那么它将极速疏离， IT WOULD HAVE EMPTIED OUT SO FAST,
你没时间形成银河系， YOU WOULDN'T HAVE HAD TIME TO MAKE GALAXIES,
行星，人。 PLANETS, PEOPLE.
事实上我们在这 Narrator: THE FACT THAT WE'RE HERE
意味着有某种力量必须已经 应用了刹车。 MEANS THAT SOMETHING MUST HAVE PUT ON THE BRAKES.
那当然是我们的宇宙胶水——重力。 IT WAS, OF COURSE, OUR UNIVERSAL GLUE -- GRAVITY.
重力和物质是相辅相成的。 GRAVITY AND MATTER GO HAND IN HAND.
物体越重， THE MORE MASSIVE THE OBJECT,
它对周围所有事物施加的力越大。 THE MORE PULL IT EXERTS ON EVERYTHING AROUND IT.
它吸引原子与原子， 粒子与粒子， IT DRAWS ATOM TO ATOM, PARTICLE TO PARTICLE...
…构建恒星，星云， ...BUILDING STARS, NEBULAS,
星系—— GALAXIES --
我们今天看到的的宇宙硬件。 THE HARDWARE OF THE UNIVERSE WE SEE TODAY.
但重力是把双刃剑。 BUT GRAVITY IS A DOUBLE-EDGED SWORD.
过重的话，早期宇宙根本无法启动。 TOO MUCH, AND THE EARLY UNIVERSE WOULD NEVER HAVE GOTTEN
跳不出起跑线。 OUT OF THE STARTING BLOCKS.
Carroll：如果膨胀得更慢， Carroll: IF IT HAD BEEN EXPANDING MORE SLOWLY,
它将再次坍缩成一个奇点。 IT WOULD HAVE RE-COLLAPSED INTO ANOTHER SINGULARITY.
再次地，你不会有时间去形成星系， AND AGAIN, YOU WOULDN'T HAVE HAD THE TIME TO MAKE GALAXIES,
行星，或是人类。 PLANETS, OR PEOPLE.
所以我们的宇宙， 处在最适宜的条件之中。 SO WE LIVE IN THE GOLDILOCKS UNIVERSE.
我们生活在一个存在了足够长时间， WE LIVE IN THE UNIVERSE THAT LASTS LONG ENOUGH
能够包容我们的宇宙中， 但膨胀过程却十分温和， THAT WE CAN BE HERE, BUT EXPANDS GENTLY ENOUGH
我们有时间去形成所有的一切。 THAT WE HAVE TIME TO FORM.
宇宙已存在了138亿年， Narrator: THE UNIVERSE HAS LASTED FOR 13.8 BILLION YEARS,
这要感谢重力和扩张两种力的对抗。 THANKS TO THE OPPOSING FORCES OF GRAVITY AND EXPANSION.
但这种平衡究竟有多么稳定呢？ BUT JUST HOW STABLE IS THIS BALANCING ACT?
我们的宇宙是否具备足够的物质， DOES OUR UNIVERSE HAVE JUST THE RIGHT AMOUNT OF STUFF IN IT
避免它出现 失控膨胀 TO KEEP IT FROM RUNAWAY EXPANSION
或是灾难性的坍塌？ OR CATASTROPHIC COLLAPSE?
在20世纪20年代， 科学家们开始运算， IN THE 1920s, SCIENTISTS DID THE MATH,
结果大大出乎他们的预料。 AND THE RESULTS WERE ANYTHING BUT REASSURING.
卡库：物质越多，重力就越大。 Kaku: THE MORE MATTER YOU HAVE, THE MORE GRAVITY YOU HAVE.
如果在一个非常密集的宇宙中， 你有大量的物质， IF YOU HAVE LOTS OF MATTER IN A VERY DENSE UNIVERSE,
那么宇宙可能开始收缩。 PERHAPS THE UNIVERSE BEGINS TO RE-COLLAPSE.
或者，如果你有很少的物质， OR, IF YOU HAVE VERY LITTLE MATTER,
宇宙最后将冻结死亡。 THE UNIVERSE WOULD FREEZE TO DEATH.
那么，什么是临界密度，是两者之间的分界线呢？ SO WHAT IS THE CRITICAL DENSITY, THE BORDER BETWEEN THE TWO?
大约是每立方米五个氢原子。 IT'S APPROXIMATELY FIVE HYDROGEN ATOMS PER CUBIC METER.
想想一个立方米，放入仅仅五个氢原子 SO THINK OF A CUBIC YARD, AND PUT JUST FIVE HYDROGEN ATOMS
那就是临界点。 INSIDE, AND THAT IS THE TIPPING POINT.
如果你放入的原子超过五个， IF YOU PUT MORE THAN FIVE ATOMS,
那么宇宙就会开始塌缩。 THEN THE UNIVERSE WILL BEGIN TO COLLAPSE.
如果你放入的原子少于五个， IF YOU HAVE LESS THAN FIVE ATOMS,
那么宇宙将无止境地继续扩张。 THEN THE UNIVERSE JUST KEEPS ON GOING.
如果我们认为宇宙是在平衡中， Narrator: IF WE THOUGHT THE UNIVERSE WAS BALANCED
那么临界密度问题就揭示了， ON A TIGHTROPE BEFORE, THE CRITICAL DENSITY QUESTION
这个平衡更像是刻在剃刀的刀刃上。 SHOWED US THAT THE ROPE WAS MORE LIKE A RAZOR BLADE.
然而，当天文学家们进行额外的测量时， YET, WHEN ASTRONOMERS TOOK ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS,
他们喜欢他们看到的东西。 THEY LIKED WHAT THEY SAW.
宇宙似乎包含了正好平衡 THE UNIVERSE APPEARED TO CONTAIN JUST THE RIGHT AMOUNT
在临界密度的物质。 OF MATTER TO STAY AT THE CRITICAL DENSITY.
Krauss：越来越多的， Krauss: MORE AND MORE, THE INDIRECT EVIDENCE
间接证据和理论 理论分析表明， AND THE THEORETICAL ARGUMENTS SUGGESTED
宇宙必须处在一个精确的边缘， THAT THE UNIVERSE MUST BE EXACTLY AT THE BOUNDARY
位于一个会崩溃的宇宙 BETWEEN A UNIVERSE THAT WOULD COLLAPSE
和一个会永远扩张的宇宙之间。 AND ONE THAT WOULD EXPAND FOREVER,
我们的生活正是在 这种膨胀的摇摇欲坠的边缘。 THAT WE WERE TEETERING ON THE HAIRY EDGE OF EXPANSION.
宇宙似乎是如此的完美平衡， Narrator: THE UNIVERSE SEEMED SO PERFECTLY BALANCED
它将缓缓走向老去。 THAT IT WOULD HEAD QUIETLY INTO OLD AGE.
然后，在20世纪70年代，天文学家 做出了一个惊人的观察， THEN, IN THE 1970s, ASTRONOMERS MADE AN OBSERVATION
让他们震惊。 THAT SHOCKED THEM.
宇宙充满了无形的东西， THE COSMOS WAS FILLED WITH INVISIBLE STUFF,
它的重力可能会引起 灾难性的崩溃。 AND ITS GRAVITY COULD CAUSE A CATASTROPHIC COLLAPSE.
宇宙是在绳索上保持平衡的。 Narrator: THE UNIVERSE IS BALANCED ON A TIGHTROPE.
在绳索的两边各有一个早期的死亡-- ON EACH SIDE OF THE DROP LIES AN EARLY DEATH --
一个由空间无节制的拉伸引发的大冻， A BIG FREEZE, FUELED BY THE RUNAWAY STRETCHING OF SPACE,
或一个大挤压，重力战胜扩张的结果。 OR A BIG CRUNCH, THE RESULT OF GRAVITY OVERCOMING EXPANSION.
四十年前，科学家们 认为我们会永远保持这种平衡， 40 YEARS AGO, SCIENTISTS BELIEVED WE'D STAY BALANCED
现在，情况已经发生了 巨大的变化， BETWEEN THESE FATES FOR ETERNITY.
因为我们发现了 四十年前我们从不知道的事情。 NOW THINGS HAVE CHANGED TREMENDOUSLY,
在20世纪70年代， BECAUSE WE'VE DISCOVERED SOMETHING WE NEVER KNEW ABOUT
天文学家们受到了震惊。 40 YEARS AGO.
一些未知的物质， 肉眼无法看到， Narrator: IN THE 1970s, ASTRONOMERS ARE STUNNED.
在望远镜下成倍的出现， SOME UNKNOWN FORM OF MATTER, INVISIBLE TO TELESCOPES,
而我们以前认为的世界， DWARFS WHAT WE THOUGHT WAS OUT THERE,
不仅是一部分，而是五倍以上。 NOT A FRACTION MORE, BUT FIVE TIMES MORE.
我们以前认为 重力是来自恒星 WE USED TO THINK THAT GRAVITY CAME FROM STARS
和你可以看到的物体-- 就这样了。 AND OBJECTS YOU CAN SEE -- END OF STORY.
现在，我们意识到那种天真的 画面实际上是错误的。 NOW, WE REALIZE THAT THAT NAIVE PICTURE IS ACTUALLY WRONG.
天文学家们做出的 发现， Narrator: ASTRONOMERS MAKE THE DISCOVERY,
就在研究我们宇宙的定时机制之中。 STUDYING THE CLOCKWORK NATURE OF OUR UNIVERSE.
太阳强大的引力约束着地球 THE HUGE GRAVITY OF THE SUN HOLDS THE EARTH
和所有其他行星 进行细致的圆周舞蹈。 AND ALL THE OTHER PLANETS IN A DELICATE CIRCULAR DANCE.
太阳的质量决定了 这些公转的速度。 THE SUN'S MASS CONTROLS THE SPEED OF THESE ORBITS.
如果它更巨大， 行星会公转 IF IT WERE MORE MASSIVE, THE PLANETS WOULD ORBIT
的更快。 MUCH MORE QUICKLY.
如果它更小， 那需要更长的时间 AND IF IT WERE SMALLER, IT WOULD TAKE MUCH LONGER
让一个行星完成 一个公转。 FOR A PLANET TO COMPLETE AN ORBIT.
星系的运转 也像时钟一样精确。 GALAXIES RUN LIKE CLOCKWORK, TOO.
中心的巨大质量把外部的星星 拉向圆形的，像行星一样的轨道。 THE VAST MASS AT THE CENTER PULLS THE OUTER STARS
这些形成一个个圆， 像行星的轨道一样。 INTO CIRCULAR, PLANET-LIKE ORBITS.
天文学家们进行 精确测量 ASTRONOMERS MAKE PRECISE MEASUREMENTS
在1970年代，他们测量了这些 星系的轨道。 OF THESE GALACTIC ORBITS IN THE 1970s.
结果改变了一切。 THE RESULTS CHANGE EVERYTHING.
星系旋转得 太快了。 THE GALAXIES WERE SPINNING TOO FAST.
快得太多了。 WAY TOO FAST.
即使考虑到 存在于他们中心的超大黑洞 EVEN ACCOUNTING FOR THE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES
他们九成的质量却消失不见。 AT THEIR CENTER, NINE-TENTHS OF THEIR MASS WAS MISSING.
Kaku: 就理论上说， 整个星系应当四散。 Kaku: BY RIGHTS, THE GALAXY SHOULD FLY APART.
按理来讲，地球 应该在数十亿年前就被甩出 BY RIGHTS, THE EARTH SHOULD HAVE BEEN FLUNG
到外星际空间。 数十亿年前。 INTO INTERGALACTIC SPACE BILLIONS OF YEARS AGO.
我们应该没有 银河系，然而， WE SHOULD HAVE NO MILKY WAY GALAXY, AND YET,
我们的宇宙充满了星系。 OUR UNIVERSE IS FULL OF GALAXIES.
旁白者: 承载星系的 必定是巨大的引力源 Narrator: AN IMMENSE ADDITIONAL SOURCE OF GRAVITY
是共同维系了宇宙秩序。 MUST BE HOLDING GALAXIES TOGETHER.
但无论天文学家们 把望远镜对准什么地方， BUT NO MATTER WHERE ASTRONOMERS POINT THEIR TELESCOPES,
他们什么也看不到。 THEY SEE NOTHING.
没有一丁点光，没有一点阴影。 NOT A GLIMMER, NOT A SHADOW.
无论这个新的东西是什么， 它不会发光， WHATEVER THIS NEW STUFF IS, IT DOESN'T EMIT LIGHT,
不反射光， 甚至不会阻挡光线。 REFLECT LIGHT, OR EVEN BLOCK LIGHT.
他们称其为暗物质。 THEY CALL IT DARK MATTER.
我们已经知道，宇宙中的大部分物质 WHAT WE'VE LEARNED IS THAT MOST OF THE MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE
不是普通的物质。 它不是原子。 IS NOT ORDINARY STUFF. IT'S NOT ATOMS.
它不是我们在地球上 做任何实验都探测不到的粒子 IT'S NOT PARTICLES WE'VE YET DETECTED IN ANY EXPERIMENT
这在地球上完成。 DONE HERE ON EARTH.
它是一种新的粒子，我们称其为暗物质。 IT'S SOME NEW KIND OF PARTICLE THAT WE CALL THE DARK MATTER.
暗物质填充着宇宙， Narrator: DARK MATTER FILLS THE UNIVERSE,
超过普通物质 五倍之多。 OUTSTRIPPING NORMAL MATTER BY 5-TO-1.
巨大的丝索遍布 整个宇宙， VAST FILAMENTS SPREAD OUT THROUGHOUT THE COSMOS,
明亮的星系聚集在 暗物质最厚重的地方。 AND BRIGHT GALAXIES CLUSTER WHERE DARK MATTER IS THICKEST.
暗物质提供 了构成宇宙物质的基础， DARK MATTER PROVIDES THE SCAFFOLDING THAT UNDERLIES
决定了宇宙物质的结构是如何的， HOW THE MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE STRUCTURES ITSELF,
它去哪里， 它做什么。 WHERE IT GOES, AND WHAT IT DOES.
旁白者: 所以， 是暗物质决定了 Narrator: SO, DARK MATTER DICTATED
宇宙是如何演变的。 HOW THE UNIVERSE UNFOLDED.
Kaku: 看起来， 就在大爆炸之后， Kaku: IT SEEMS AS IF OUT OF THE HOT BIG BANG,
暗物质首先凝结， 在原子之前, DARK MATTER CONDENSED FIRST, BEFORE ATOMS,
暗物质开始变成块状。 AND DARK MATTER BEGAN TO BECOME CLUMPY.
这种块状状态后来开始 吸引生成的原子， THE CLUMPINESS THEN BEGAN TO ATTRACT ATOMS
并形成了行星。 AS THEY WERE FORMED LATER, AND THAT FORMED GALAXIES.
在某种程度上， 暗物质因此 AND IN SOME SENSE, THE DARK MATTER THEREFORE
提供了某种孕育银河系诞生的 能力。 PROVIDES KIND OF A WOMB THAT ALLOWS THE BIRTH OF OUR GALAXY.
暗物质维持着宇宙的一切， Narrator: DARK MATTER HOLDS THE UNIVERSE TOGETHER,
但它也威胁着破坏宇宙。 BUT IT ALSO THREATENS TO DESTROY IT.
过去几十年的一项 最惊人的发现就是暗物质， ONE OF THE MOST AMAZING DISCOVERIES
即我们认知的宇宙中 有更多的物质存在， OF THE PAST FEW DECADES IS DARK MATTER,
而我们以前未曾察觉。 THE FACT THAT THERE'S MUCH MORE MATTER IN THE UNIVERSE
所有这些物质都具有大量的引力。 THAN WE WERE AWARE OF.
所以，所有这些新的物质， 所有这些新的引力， AND ALL OF THAT MATTER HAS A LOT OF GRAVITY.
都必将减慢宇宙的膨胀。 SO ALL THIS NEW MATTER, ALL THIS NEW GRAVITY
美国物理学家劳伦斯·克劳斯：暗物质甚至可能改变宇宙的天平， MUST BE SLOWING DOWN THE EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE.
暗物质甚至可能改变宇宙的天平， Narrator: DARK MATTER MAY EVEN TIP THE COSMIC SCALES
倾向于引力， IN FAVOR OF GRAVITY,
抵挡膨胀，并将整个宇宙拉向火焰之死。 DEFEATING EXPANSION AND PULLING THE ENTIRE UNIVERSE
被人们称为大崩溃， TOWARDS A DEATH BY FIRE.
它的过程大致如下。 IT'S CALLED THE BIG CRUNCH,
在一瞬间，宇宙将停滞， AND THIS IS HOW IT WOULD PLAY OUT.
处在膨胀和收缩之间左右摇摆。 FOR A FRACTION OF A SECOND, THE UNIVERSE STALLS,
然后，引力激发出一场灾变。 POISED BETWEEN EXPANSION AND CONTRACTION.
当你向外观察，首先你会看到 THEN, GRAVITY KICKS OFF A CATACLYSM.
克劳斯：当你向外观察，首先你会看到， Krauss: WHEN YOU LOOKED OUT, THE VERY FIRST THINGS
当一切开始反转你会发现， AS IT BEGAN TO TURN AROUND THAT YOU BEGAN TO SEE
那些星系，平均来说，不再是 远离我们移动， IS THAT GALAXIES, INSTEAD OF MOVING AWAY FROM US ON AVERAGE,
而开始朝我们移动。 WOULD BEGIN TO BE MOVING TOWARDS US ON AVERAGE.
整个宇宙看起来都像要来追捕我们。 THE WHOLE UNIVERSE WOULD LOOK LIKE IT WAS COMING TO GET US.
随着空间进一步收缩， Narrator: AS SPACE CONTRACTS FURTHER,
物质密度增加，引力变强， THE DENSITY OF MATTER INCREASES, GRAVITY GETS STRONGER,
随着崩溃的动力增加，温度飙升。 TEMPERATURES SOAR AS THE CRUNCH GATHERS MOMENTUM.
刚体物理学家卡库： 星系开始碰撞， Kaku: GALAXIES BEGIN TO COLLIDE,
气云开始碰撞， GAS CLOUDS BEGIN TO COLLIDE,
行星开始撞击地球。 PLANETS SLAM INTO THE EARTH.
黑洞会围绕彼此展开一场死亡之舞。 BLACK HOLES WILL EXECUTE A DEATH DANCE AROUND EACH OTHER.
当然，温度还会继续飙升。 TEMPERATURES, OF COURSE, WILL CONTINUE TO SKYROCKET.
物质，空间，和时间坍塌， Narrator: MATTER, SPACE, AND TIME IMPLODE
直至宇宙中的一切都被压缩 UNTIL EVERYTHING IN THE UNIVERSE IS COMPRESSED
成为一个无限小、质量无穷大、热度极高、压力巨大的点。 INTO A TINY SPECK OF INFINITE MASS, HEAT, AND PRESSURE.
在大崩溃的最后阶段， FOR THE LAST STAGES OF THE BIG CRUNCH,
星系将碰撞并形成一个原子。 GALAXIES WILL COLLIDE AND FORM A PRIMORDIAL ATOM.
那么，我们知道的生活就会变得不可能。 AND THEN, LIFE AS WE KNOW IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE.
我们回到了起点， Narrator: WE'RE BACK TO WHERE IT ALL BEGAN,
回到了大爆炸。 BACK AT THE BIG BANG.
我们生活的宇宙将不复存在。 THE UNIVERSE THAT WE LIVE IN WILL CEASE TO EXIST.
但是，有些人认为宇宙大压缩可能预示着一个新的开始。 BUT SOME BELIEVE A BIG CRUNCH COULD HERALD A NEW BEGINNING.
我们不知道大崩溃的最后阶段会是什么， WE DON'T KNOW WHAT THE END POINT OF A BIG CRUNCH WOULD BE,
因为物理定律在那里已失效。 BECAUSE THE LAWS OF PHYSICS BREAK DOWN.
可能，实际上， 思想层面上非常美好， IT'S POSSIBLE, AND INDEED, PHILOSOPHICALLY VERY PLEASANT,
去想象那种崩溃最终将以某种方式演变 TO IMAGINE THAT THAT CRUNCH WOULD SOMEHOW END UP EVOLVING
成为再次膨胀，你可以拥有一个永恒循环的宇宙， INTO AN EXPANSION AGAIN, AND YOU COULD HAVE A CYCLIC UNIVERSE
它将永远存在。 WHICH GOES ON FOREVER.
也许到那时，我们将再创造一个大爆炸。 PERHAPS AT THAT POINT, WE WILL RECREATE ANOTHER BIG BANG.
可以设想，当所有的事物在 崩溃中聚集在一起， IT'S CONCEIVABLE THAT AS EVERYTHING COMES TOGETHER
有些东西会阻止它继续 IN THE CRUNCH, SOMETHING SORT OF KEEPS IT FROM JUST CONTINUING
并以一种热、密、均的状态向外推， AND PUSHES OUT IN A HOT, DENSE, SMOOTH STATE,
从另一个角度看，它就像一个大爆炸， AND FROM THE OTHER SIDE, IT LOOKS LIKE A BIG BANG,
一个新的宇宙已经被创造。 AND A NEW UNIVERSE HAS BEEN CREATED.
我们的大爆炸可能是别人的大坍塌。 OUR BIG BANG MIGHT HAVE BEEN SOMEONE ELSE'S BIG CRUNCH.
但就在科学家们开始接受 Narrator: BUT JUST WHEN SCIENTISTS CAME TO TERMS
黑暗物质的大坍塌理论时，宇宙又给他们 WITH DARK MATTER'S BIG CRUNCH, THE UNIVERSE THREW THEM
投来了一个更大的曲球。 ANOTHER, EVEN BIGGER CURVE.
某种幽灵般的力量似乎将我们推向了 SOME GHOSTLY FORCE SEEMED TO BE SENDING US HURTLING TOWARD
一个完全不同的死亡形式。 A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT DEATH.
Filippenko：当我的博士后研究员向我展示了结果， Filippenko: MY POSTDOCTORAL SCHOLAR SHOWED ME THE RESULTS.
我几乎从椅子上摔下来。 I NEARLY FELL OFF MY CHAIR.
重力与膨胀在 Narrator: GRAVITY AND EXPANSION BATTLE FOR CONTROL
掌控我们的宇宙的战争中交战了140亿年… OF OUR UNIVERSE FOR 14 BILLION YEARS...
…膨胀在推动它向外， ...EXPANSION PUSHING IT OUTWARDS,
重力在拉扯它 inward。 GRAVITY PULLING IT IN.
在黑暗物质的支持下， WITH DARK MATTER IN ITS CORNER,
重力看起来是 必然的胜者。 GRAVITY SEEMS TO BE THE INEVITABLE WINNER.
额外的质量将把 宇宙拉向大坍塌， THE EXTRA MASS WILL DRAG THE UNIVERSE INTO A BIG CRUNCH,
直到一项惊人的发现 UNTIL A STUNNING DISCOVERY
完全改变了我们对宇宙的理解。 REVOLUTIONIZES OUR UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIVERSE.
大约在1990年，两个研究团队决定测量 AROUND 1990, TWO TEAMS OF RESEARCHERS DECIDED TO MEASURE
宇宙的膨胀历史， THE EXPANSION HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE
以确定它是否已经减慢了 TO DETERMINE WHETHER IT'S BEEN SLOWING DOWN SO MUCH
以至于终会发生大坍塌， THAT IT'LL EVENTUALLY HAVE A BIG CRUNCH,
或者它是否几乎没有减慢 OR WHETHER IT HASN'T BEEN SLOWING DOWN MUCH
并将永远膨胀。 AND WILL ETERNALLY EXPAND.
天文学家亚历克斯·菲利平科 在其中一个团队。 ASTRONOMER ALEX FILIPPENKO WAS ON ONE TEAM.
索尔·帕尔默特领导另一个团队。 SAUL PERLMUTTER LED THE OTHER.
我们意识到这是第一次 有可能去 WE REALIZED THAT IT WAS POSSIBLE FOR THE FIRST TIME
实际进行一次测量， TO GO AND ACTUALLY MAKE A DIRECT MEASUREMENT
看看宇宙在过去是如何减慢的。 OF HOW MUCH THE UNIVERSE HAD BEEN SLOWING DOWN IN THE PAST.
两个团队都想 进行测量， Narrator: BOTH TEAMS WANT TO MEASURE
来确定遥远的星系的速度。 THE SPEED OF DISTANT GALAXIES.
但由于这些星系太暗淡，太遥远， BUT BECAUSE THE GALAXIES ARE TOO DIM AND TOO FAR AWAY,
他们开始寻找更亮的东西。 THEY LOOK FOR SOMETHING BRIGHTER.
在离地球数十亿光年的地方，一颗星星爆炸。 BILLIONS OF LIGHT YEARS FROM EARTH, A STAR DETONATES.
这是一颗超新星， THIS IS A SUPERNOVA,
一个垂死的星星 的辉煌的最后一息。 A DYING STAR'S BRILLIANT FINAL GASP.
它燃烧得非常明亮，比太阳亮500亿倍， IT BURNS BRIGHTLY, 5 BILLION TIMES BRIGHTER THAN THE SUN,
但只是短暂的。 BUT BRIEFLY.
帕尔默特和菲利平科 只有一到两周的时间 PERLMUTTER AND FILIPPENKO HAVE A WINDOW
去测量对应的星系 在远离我们的速度上 OF JUST ONE OR TWO WEEKS TO MEASURE
是如何减慢的。 HOW MUCH THE GALAXY IT SITS IN IS SLOWING DOWN
随着它远离我们。 AS IT MOVES AWAY FROM US.
这两个团队在寻找超新星上耗费了八年时间。 THE TEAMS LOOK FOR SUPERNOVAS FOR EIGHT YEARS.
他们测量了42个，结果看起来不可能实现。 THEY MEASURE 42, AND THE RESULTS SEEM IMPOSSIBLE.
我们在图表上画出了点， WE PLOTTED THE POINTS ON THE GRAPHS,
然后……这看起来没有任何意义。 AND...IT DIDN'T MAKE ANY SENSE.
他们并没有在减速。 THEY WERE NOT SLOWING DOWN AT ALL.
他们实际上在加速。 THEY WERE ACTUALLY SPEEDING UP.
两组的发现震惊了全世界。 WHAT BOTH GROUPS FOUND STUNNED THE WORLD.
在过去的四、五十亿年中， IN THE LAST 4 OR 5 BILLION YEARS,
宇宙实际上已经在膨胀速度上加速了。 THE UNIVERSE HAS ACTUALLY BEEN SPEEDING UP IN ITS EXPANSION.
一个加速膨胀的宇宙， AN ACCELERATING UNIVERSE,
被某种神秘的东西驱动着。 PROPELLED BY SOMETHING MYSTERIOUS.
我们一直在争论宇宙是否会 FOR SO LONG, WE'VE BEEN ARGUING WHETHER THE UNIVERSE WOULD
永远膨胀或者坍缩， EXPAND FOREVER OR COLLAPSE BACK IN ON ITSELF,
但没人想到 答案会是 BUT NOBODY THOUGHT THE ANSWER WAS GOING TO BE
宇宙正在加速， THAT THE UNIVERSE WAS ACCELERATING,
且越来越快。 GOING FASTER AND FASTER ALL THE TIME.
这种加速让科学家们感到困惑。 Narrator: THE ACCELERATION BEWILDERS THE SCIENTISTS.
它似乎违反了物理定律。 IT SEEMS TO DEFY THE LAWS OF PHYSICS.
Oluseyi：想象我手里有个棒球 Oluseyi: IMAGINE I'VE GOT A BASEBALL
我向上抛出。 AND I THROW IT STRAIGHT UP.
离开我的手后，球不再减速， AND INSTEAD OF SLOWING DOWN ONCE IT LEAVES MY HAND,
这会儿，它应该 WHICH IS WHAT NORMALLY IT WILL DO,
开始减速， IT BEGINS TO SLOW DOWN AT FIRST,
但它开始加速飞快。 BUT THEN IT STARTS SPEEDING AWAY.
似乎，它从中获得了能量。 SOMEHOW, IT'S GETTING ENERGY.
新的能量似乎是从无中生有， Narrator: THE NEW ENERGY SEEMED TO BE COMING FROM NOTHING,
来自空间的真空。 THE VACUUM OF SPACE.
对科学家来说，真空意味着空间完全为空， THE WORD "VACUUM" TO A SCIENTIST MEANS COMPLETELY EMPTY SPACE,
那里没有粒子，没有温度， NO PARTICLES THERE AT ALL, NO TEMPERATURE,
没有我们所谈论的能量。 NO ENERGY TO SPEAK OF.
但是，在空间和时间中有一种内在的能量。 BUT THERE'S AN INTRINSIC ENERGY IN SPACE AND TIME.
空旷的空间中存在着能量，而这种能量产生了 EMPTY SPACE HAS ENERGY, AND THAT ENERGY PRODUCES
一种引力反作用 force，一种反引力。 A GRAVITATIONAL REPULSION, A KIND OF ANTI-GRAVITY.
科学家们对这种重力是什么，它是如何运作的， Narrator: WITHOUT A CLUE WHAT THIS FORCE IS OR HOW IT WORKS,
一无所知，他们只能给它取个名字 - 黑暗能量。 ALL SCIENTISTS CAN DO IS GIVE IT A NAME -- DARK ENERGY.
我们本可以将它称之为 我们不知道什么能量。 WE COULD HAVE CALLED IT WE-DON'T-KNOW ENERGY.
我们本可以称之为任何东西。 WE COULD HAVE CALLED IT ANYTHING.
但我们不知道它是什么，是否是黑暗的， BUT WE DON'T KNOW WHAT IT IS, AND DARK OR NOT,
这都是物理学里的大问题。 IT'S THE BIGGEST MYSTERY IN PHYSICS.
NASA校准其最精良的空间望远镜， Narrator: NASA CALIBRATES ITS FINEST SPACE TELESCOPES
测量那里是否有黑暗能量， TO MEASURE HOW MUCH DARK ENERGY IS OUT THERE,
结果震撼人心。 AND THE RESULT IS MIND-BLOWING.
黑暗能量几乎以三比一的比例支配力宇宙的质量。 IT DOMINATES THE MASS OF THE UNIVERSE BY NEARLY 3-TO-1.
空间膨胀越多， AND THE MORE SPACE EXPANDS,
似乎就有越多的黑暗能量。 THE MORE DARK ENERGY THERE SEEMS TO BE.
Kaku：黑暗能量是无物的能量， Kaku: DARK ENERGY IS THE ENERGY OF NOTHING,
并且它是排斥的。 AND IT'S REPULSIVE.
因此，由于这个黑暗能量排斥银河系， THEREFORE, AS THIS DARK ENERGY REPELS GALAXIES,
它越多，真空也就越多。 THERE'S MORE OF IT, THERE'S MORE VACUUM.
因此就有更多的排斥力， AND SO THERE'S MORE REPULSION,
也许这就是宇宙正在加速 AND PERHAPS THAT'S THE REASON WHY THE UNIVERSE IS ACCELERATING
而不是减速的原因。 RIGHT NOW RATHER THAN SLOWING DOWN.
黑暗能量似乎取消了大坍塌理论， Narrator: DARK ENERGY SEEMS TO KILL THE BIG CRUNCH THEORY,
但科学家们还不确定黑暗能量， BUT SCIENTISTS AREN'T YET SURE HOW DARK ENERGY,
膨胀与空间之间是如何相互联系的。 EXPANSION, AND SPACE ARE CONNECTED.
如果一块空间变为原来的两倍， IF A VOLUME OF SPACE DOUBLES IN SIZE,
那里面的黑暗能量也会翻倍吗？ DOES THE DARK ENERGY INSIDE IT DOUBLE, TOO?
或者说，它会增加得更多？ OR DOES IT INCREASE MORE?
一个一对一的关系导致了稳定的膨胀。 A 1-TO-1 RELATIONSHIP LEADS TO A STEADY EXPANSION.
宇宙将以一次大冻结结束。 THE UNIVERSE ENDS IN A BIG FREEZE.
但是，如果黑暗能量超过并且超过膨胀， BUT IF DARK ENERGY INCREASES ABOVE AND BEYOND EXPANSION,
一个新的，甚至更加恐怖的宇宙结束等待着我们-- A NEW, EVEN MORE TERRIFYING END AWAITS THE UNIVERSE --
一次大撕裂。 A BIG RIP.
Kaku：在一次大撕裂情形中，膨胀是如此巨大， Kaku: IN A BIG RIP SCENARIO, THE EXPANSION IS SO GREAT
以至于银河系内部甚至开始膨胀， THAT EVEN THE GALAXIES BEGIN TO EXPAND INTERNALLY,
这意味着， WHICH MEANS THAT LITERALLY
我们的身体 将被撕裂。 OUR BODIES ARE GOING TO BE RIPPED APART.
科学家们计算， Narrator: SCIENTISTS CALCULATE
大撕裂 将如何发生。 JUST HOW THE BIG RIP WILL PLAY OUT.
一个接一个，夜空中的银河系将消失， ONE BY ONE, THE GALAXIES IN THE NIGHT SKY WILL BLINK OUT
因为空间将它们从地球上 拉得比光速还快。 AS SPACE PULLS THEM AWAY FROM THE EARTH
在宇宙末日前的六千万年，黑暗能量开始在更小的尺度上超越引力， [ WHOOSHING ]
60 MILLION YEARS BEFORE THE END, DARK ENERGY OVERCOMES GRAVITY 在宇宙末日前的六千万年，黑暗能量开始在更小的尺度上超越引力，
首先银河系开始 被撕裂， ON SMALLER AND SMALLER SCALES.
然后银河系内部 将开始撕裂， FIRST GALAXIES START TO RIP APART,
然后太阳系会 开始被撕裂... THEN INSIDES OF GALAXIES WILL BEGIN TO RIP APART,
AND THEN SOLAR SYSTEMS WILL BEGIN TO RIP APART...
然后是行星... THEN PLANETS...
接着是岩石，人，原子。 AND THEN ROCKS, PEOPLE, ATOMS.
最后的时刻将 慈悲地快速来临。 Narrator: THE END WILL BE MERCIFULLY QUICK.
在短短几分钟内， IN THE SPACE OF A FEW MINUTES,
宇宙中所有的星球和行星都将被摧毁， ALL THE STARS AND PLANETS IN THE UNIVERSE WILL BE DESTROYED,
它们的残骸被撕裂为越来越小的碎片， THEIR REMAINS PULLED APART INTO EVER-SMALLER PIECES
直到最后，当宇宙只剩 UNTIL FINALLY, WHEN THE UNIVERSE HAS
不到一秒的生命， LESS THAN A SECOND TO LIVE,
构成所有物质的亚原子粒子 THE SUBATOMIC PARTICLES THAT MADE ALL MATTER
将被摧毁， WILL BE DESTROYED,
剩下的只有 独立的光子， AND ALL THAT REMAINS WILL BE INDIVIDUAL PHOTONS
在它们之间的空间 扩大， BECOMING SCARCER AND SCARCER
你所剩下的只有非常微弱的光， AS THE SPACE BETWEEN THEM EXPANDS.
那被拉伸得 越来越长， ALL YOU'RE LEFT WITH IS VERY LOW ENERGY LIGHT
直到它根本 不存在。 THAT GETS STRETCHED AND STRETCHED
最后消逝的会是-- UNTIL IT MIGHT AS WELL NOT EXIST AT ALL.
空虚空间 本身。 Narrator: THE LAST THING TO GO --
它将如此强烈地对宇宙施加拉力， THE EMPTY VACUUM OF SPACE ITSELF.
它可能会撕裂宇宙的结构。
现实可能会溶解。 IT'LL BE PULLING ON THE UNIVERSE SO HARD,
宇宙将以大撕裂， IT COULD TEAR THE FABRIC OF THE UNIVERSE APART.
还是大冻结来结束？ REALITY COULD DISSOLVE.
答案隐藏在黑暗能量的秘密中。 Narrator: WILL THE UNIVERSE END WITH A BIG RIP,
还是大冷冻？ 解开这个谜，宇宙的命运就会变得清晰。 OR A BIG FREEZE?
答案隐藏在黑暗能量的奥秘之中。 THE ANSWER IS LOCKED INSIDE THE MYSTERY OF DARK ENERGY.
解开这个，宇宙的命运就清楚了。 SOLVE THAT, AND THE FATE OF THE UNIVERSE BECOMES CLEAR.
宇宙的末日即将到来。 Narrator: THE END OF THE UNIVERSE IS COMING.
但它会如何发生？ BUT HOW WILL IT PLAY OUT?
曾几何时，大坍塌是可能的答案。 FOR A TIME, A BIG CRUNCH WAS THE LIKELY ANSWER.
黑暗物质，是宇宙的无形大部分， DARK MATTER, THE INVISIBLE BULK OF THE UNIVERSE,
它使得空间在自身之上坍塌。 CAUSES SPACE TO FALL IN ON ITSELF.
星系相撞。行星与行星融合。 GALAXIES COLLIDE. PLANET MERGES WITH PLANET.
所有事物越来越热，越来越密。 EVERYTHING BECOMES HOTTER AND HOTTER, DENSER AND DENSER.
宇宙就像一颗巨大的星星。 THE UNIVERSE IS LIKE ONE GIANT STAR.
黑暗能量打破了大坍塌理论。 Narrator: DARK ENERGY KILLS THE BIG CRUNCH THEORY.
它就像是推动空间扩张的火箭燃料 IT ACTS LIKE ROCKET FUEL FOR THE EXPANSION OF SPACE
在星系之间。 459 00:25:46,067 --> 00:25:49,267 它们不仅是在滑翔。也在被推离。 BETWEEN GALAXIES.
THEY'RE NOT JUST COASTING. THEY'RE GETTING PUSHED OUTWARD.
只剩下两种可能的命运 -- ONLY TWO POSSIBLE FATES REMAIN --
大撕裂或大冷冻。 A BIG RIP OR A BIG FREEZE.
两种情境都依赖于黑暗能量。 BOTH SCENARIOS RELY ON DARK ENERGY.
为了让宇宙被大撕裂撕成碎片， FOR THE UNIVERSE TO BE TORN TO SHREDS IN A BIG RIP,
黑暗能量必须在未来指数级增长。 DARK ENERGY MUST INCREASE EXPONENTIALLY IN THE FUTURE.
但是大冷冻需要 黑暗能量的稳定增加， BUT A BIG FREEZE REQUIRES A STEADY INCREASE
把星系推离彼此。 IN DARK ENERGY,
我们不能写下宇宙的最后一章 PUSHING GALAXIES AWAY FROM EACH OTHER.
直到我们了解黑暗能量的本质。 WE CAN'T WRITE THE LAST CHAPTER OF OUR UNIVERSE
[ 火箭发射 ] UNTIL WE UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF DARK ENERGY.
[ ROCKETS FIRING ]
2009年5月。 Narrator: MAY 2009.
欧洲航天局发射普朗克卫星， THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY LAUNCHES THE PLANCK SATELLITE
寻找黑暗能量的起源。 TO SEARCH FOR THE BIRTH OF DARK ENERGY.
它的超敏感望远镜透过空间和时间， ITS ULTRA-SENSITIVE TELESCOPE PEERS THROUGH SPACE AND TIME
回溯数十亿年， BACK THROUGH BILLIONS OF YEARS,
捕捉到这个， TOWARDS THE BEGINNING OF EVERYTHING, TO CAPTURE THIS.
这是我们的宇宙 如何展现出来， THIS IS OUR UNIVERSE AS IT APPEARED
超过130亿年前， OVER 13 BILLION YEARS AGO,
大爆炸之后的380,000年。 380,000 YEARS AFTER THE BIG BANG.
那么，普朗克卫星做的就是 SO WHAT PLANCK HAS DONE IS TAKE A PICTURE
拍摄了早期宇宙的照片 OF THE EARLY UNIVERSE
向我们展示了早期宇宙的样子， AND TOLD US ABOUT WHAT THE EARLY UNIVERSE IS LIKE
给我们呈现了最详细 和准确的图片， AND GIVEN US OUR MOST DETAILED AND ACCURATE PICTURE
那个时间的样子。 OF THAT MOMENT IN TIME.
在这张照片中的宇宙， Narrator: THE UNIVERSE IN THIS PICTURE
由质子，电子和光子的热汤混合而成。 IS A HOT SOUP OF PROTONS, ELECTRONS, AND PHOTONS.
氢原子刚刚开始形成， HYDROGEN ATOMS HAVE JUST STARTED TO FORM,
这是我们在这里看到的 物质起源的光。 AND IT'S THE LIGHT FROM THIS GENESIS OF MATTER
就在我们的眼前。 THAT WE SEE HERE.
蓝色区域更冷。红色区域更暖。 BLUE AREAS ARE COLDER. REDS ARE WARM.
最后，那些热点， EVENTUALLY, THOSE HOT SPOTS,
就是你在地图上看到的那些红点， THOSE RED SPOTS YOU SEE IN THE MAP,
将会形成大的 超星系， ARE GOING TO FORM LARGE SUPERCLUSTERS
由成百上千 个星系组成。 MADE UP OF HUNDREDS OR THOUSANDS OF GALAXIES.
每一个星系都会 含有几十亿的恒星。 EACH ONE OF THOSE GALAXIES WILL CONTAIN BILLIONS OF STARS.
仅凭引力 和宇宙扩张就能 Narrator: GRAVITY AND EXPANSION ALONE
显然引导这些原始星系的形成。 APPEAR TO DRIVE THE FORMATION OF THESE EMBRYONIC GALAXIES.
暗能量似乎还没有开始发挥作用。 DARK ENERGY DOESN'T SEEM TO HAVE SWITCHED ON YET.
那么，暗能量何时开始掌控宇宙？ SO, WHEN DID DARK ENERGY TAKE CONTROL OF THE UNIVERSE?
天文学家布伦达·弗莱 是一个团队的一员， ASTRONOMER BRENDA FRYE IS PART OF A TEAM
她们在使用地基 巨型望远镜， USING MASSIVE GROUND-BASED TELESCOPES
像这个位于基特峰， 亚利桑那州的望远镜。 LIKE THIS ONE AT KITT PEAK, ARIZONA.
她透过历史的缝隙 捕获了宇宙的影像 SHE PEERS BACK IN TIME TO CAPTURE THE UNIVERSE
反映了它在成长中的 童年时期的样子。 THROUGH ITS CHILDHOOD AS IT WAS GROWING.
对，这就是一个铝盘， RIGHT. SO THIS IS AN ALUMINUM PLATE,
640个独立的孔洞 被钻在这个盘子上。 AND INTO THIS PLATE ARE DRILLED 640 INDIVIDUAL HOLES.
每一个都被准确地放在遮罩的 特定位置， EACH ONE IS PUT AT A VERY SPECIFIC PLACE ON THE MASK
对应于天空中 某一个特定的星系。 WHICH WILL CORRESPOND TO ONE PARTICULAR GALAXY IN THE SKY.
在每一次观测中， Narrator: DURING EACH OBSERVATION,
640个独立星系的光芒都被 通过光纤电缆收集起来。 THE LIGHT FROM 640 INDIVIDUAL GALAXIES IS COLLECTED
通过测量每个星系的速度和 相对位置， USING FIBER OPTIC CABLES.
精确确定它们在空间中的位置。 THE SPEED AND RELATIVE POSITION OF EACH GALAXY IS MEASURED
迄今为止，这个团队 已经精确地绘制出 TO PINPOINT EXACTLY WHERE IT IS IN SPACE.
大约一百万个星系 的3D图像， SO FAR, THE TEAM HAS ACCURATELY MAPPED
看起来就像这个样子。 AROUND A MILLION GALAXIES IN 3D,
当然，每一个这样的斑点 AND THIS IS WHAT THEY LOOK LIKE.
都是一个已经成型的星系， EACH ONE OF THESE FUZZY PATCHES
当中包含的星星数量 大约有两千亿。 IS A FULLY GROWN GALAXY
这是一个非常基础 的测量， CONTAINING AROUND 200 BILLION STARS.
我们认为这能够帮助我们 THIS IS A VERY BASIC MEASUREMENT,
更好地了解 暗能量的性质。 AND WE THINK THAT THIS WILL BE ABLE TO HELP US
科学家将这个 青少年时期的宇宙 TO GET A GRASP INTO THE NATURE OF DARK ENERGY.
和它的婴儿照进行比较。 Narrator: SCIENTISTS COMPARE THIS ADOLESCENT UNIVERSE
结果显示当宇宙年龄为现在一半时, TO ITS BABY PICTURES.
暗能量开始显现， IT SHOWS DARK ENERGY EMERGING
也就是在大爆炸后的80亿年， WHEN THE UNIVERSE IS HALF AS OLD AS IT IS TODAY.
宇宙开始加速扩张， ABOUT 8 BILLION YEARS AFTER THE BIG BANG,
而我们正在这个过程的 中间阶段。 THIS EXPANSION OF THE UNIVERSE BEGINS TO ACCELERATE,
数据还显示，随着空间扩张， AND WE'RE IN THE MIDDLE OF THIS ACCELERATION.
暗能量会与之同步增加。 Narrator: THE DATA ALSO SHOWS THAT AS SPACE EXPANDS,
如果你有一个盒子并且在其中放入 一些暗能量， DARK ENERGY INCREASES IN LOCKSTEP WITH IT.
然后你去秤这个盒子的重量... IF YOU HAD A BOX AND YOU PUT SOME DARK ENERGY IN IT,
现在你将这个盒子搞得更大。 AND THEN YOU WENT AND YOU WEIGHED THAT BOX...
你并没有打开它，也没有往里面放任何东西。 NOW YOU TAKE THE BOX, YOU MAKE IT TWICE AS BIG.
再次去称重它，结果发现，它的重量增加一倍。 YOU DON'T OPEN IT. YOU DON'T PUT ANYTHING IN IT.
这一观察发现表明， YOU WEIGH IT AGAIN, IT'S GONNA WEIGH TWICE AS MUCH.
我们应该能够从大撕裂中逃脱出来。 Narrator: THIS REMARKABLE OBSERVATION MEANS
暗能量将会持续增加。 THAT WE SHOULD BE SAFE FROM A BIG RIP.
宇宙正努力 寻求一次大冻结， DARK ENERGY WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE GRADUALLY.
科学家们终于可以 计算出一个时间线 THE UNIVERSE IS HEADING FOR A BIG FREEZE,
去预测一切的终结。 AND SCIENTISTS CAN FINALLY CALCULATE A TIMELINE
现在看来， 我们生存的宇宙， FOR THE END OF EVERYTHING.
几乎是完美的， Narrator: IT NOW SEEMS THAT WE LIVE
既有足够的引力 来使星系紧密相连， IN AN ALMOST PERFECT UNIVERSE,
又有足够的暗能量 使其永远扩张。 WITH JUST ENOUGH GRAVITY TO HOLD THE GALAXIES TOGETHER
而且不会因此而 撕裂自己。 AND JUST ENOUGH DARK ENERGY THAT IT WILL EXPAND FOREVER
宇宙学家终于可以 设想尽头。 WITHOUT RIPPING ITSELF TO SHREDS.
奥鲁塞伊：30年前， 这还是有争议的。 COSMOLOGISTS CAN FINALLY ENVISION THE END OF IT ALL.
奥鲁塞伊：30年前， 这个问题还争论不休。 Oluseyi: 30 YEARS AGO, IT WAS DEBATABLE.
但是现在，看起来宇宙最有可能 BUT NOW, IT APPEARS THAT THE UNIVERSE MOST LIKELY
遭受一次深度冷冻。 WILL SUFFER A DEEP FREEZE.
如果你看看这些数据， 你会看出端倪。 IF YOU LOOK AT THE DATA, IT STARES OUT AT YOU.
在深冻事件中， Narrator: IN A BIG FREEZE,
暗能量会推动星系 越来越远， DARK ENERGY PUSHES GALAXIES FURTHER AND FURTHER APART,
但是它们仍然能保持完整。 BUT THEY REMAIN INTACT.
星系内的星星 会逐渐熄灭。 THE STARS INSIDE THEM FADE AWAY.
你在天空中看到的每一颗星星， 包括我们的太阳， EVERY STAR YOU SEE IN THE SKY, INCLUDING OUR SUN,
都正在燃烧 它们的核燃料。 IS BURNING THROUGH ITS NUCLEAR FUEL.
燃料会耗尽， 星星的生成将停止， THE GAS WILL RUN OUT, STARS WILL STOP BEING MADE,
现在的星星就是最后的星星。 AND THE ONES THAT EXIST ARE IT. THOSE ARE THE LAST ONES.
从现在起 一百万亿年后， Narrator: A HUNDRED TRILLION YEARS FROM NOW,
最大的星星会 首先灭绝。 THE BIGGEST STARS WILL BE THE FIRST TO GO EXTINCT.
大星自燃明亮 死得沉重。 BIG STARS BURN BRIGHT AND DIE HARD.
星星的核心会坍塌， THE STAR'S CORE COLLAPSES,
释放出超新星。 UNLEASHING A SUPERNOVA.
然后，引力会使 死去的星星压缩 THEN GRAVITY CRUSHES THE DEAD STAR DOWN
到一个密集的点。 TO A SINGLE DENSE SPOT.
那颗明亮的星现在 变成了黑洞。 THE BRIGHT STAR IS NOW A BLACK HOLE.
接下来该轮到和太阳一样大 的星星了。 SUN-LIKE STARS GO NEXT.
随着它们的氢供应 逐渐耗尽， AS THEIR SUPPLY OF HYDROGEN RUNS OUT,
它们会膨胀成一个 火球， THEY SWELL TO A BLOATED FIREBALL
其体积超过现在 200倍。 OVER 200 TIMES THEIR CURRENT SIZE.
萨莱尔：当核心没有 氢元素时， Thaller: AND WHEN THE CORE HAS NO MORE HYDROGEN,
它将会膨胀成 一个红巨星。 IT'S GOING TO BLOAT UP INTO A RED GIANT STAR.
现在，红巨星如此之大， 它们甚至会 NOW, RED GIANT STARS ARE SO BIG, THEY WILL ACTUALLY
吞噬自己的行星。 EAT UP THEIR OWN PLANETS.
我们知道有 红巨星的例子， WE KNOW OF EXAMPLES OF RED GIANTS
它们一直扩展到 我们太阳系中木星的轨道。 THAT GO ALL THE WAY OUT TO WHERE THE ORBIT OF JUPITER IS
燃料耗尽， IN OUR SOLAR SYSTEM.
像太阳那样的星星 会屈服于重力 Narrator: ITS FUEL EXHAUSTED,
然后缩小成一个 白矮星， THE SUN-LIKE STAR GIVES IN TO GRAVITY
这是一个物质密集的球体， AND SHRINKS TO A WHITE DWARF,
只有几千英里 直径。 A DENSE BALL OF MATTER
它将以高温继续 发光100亿年， JUST A FEW THOUSAND MILES IN DIAMETER.
然后冷却成为一个黑矮星， IT WILL GLOW WITH HEAT FOR A FURTHER 10 BILLION YEARS
一颗由压缩的碳形成的球， 甚至可能是钻石。 BEFORE COOLING TO A BLACK DWARF,
最大的星星死去时， A BALL OF COMPRESSED CARBON, PERHAPS EVEN DIAMOND.
宇宙 将慢慢变红。 AS THE BIGGEST STARS DIE,
普莱特：蓝色星星 会被吹走， THE UNIVERSE WILL SLOWLY TURN RED.
然后稍微偏蓝的星星 也会被吹走， Plait: THE BLUE STARS WILL BLOW UP,
像太阳这样的星星 则会渐渐熄灭， AND THEN THE SLIGHTLY LESS BLUE STARS WILL BLOW UP,
只剩下红色星星 还在存在。 AND THEN STARS LIKE THE SUN WILL FADE AWAY AND DIE,
红色星星 是宇宙中最小， LEAVING JUST THE RED STARS TO EXIST.
也是最冷的。 Narrator: RED STARS ARE THE SMALLEST
它们燃烧燃料的速度较慢。 AND COOLEST IN THE UNIVERSE.
它们的燃烧是缓慢的。 THEY BURN THEIR FUEL SLOWLY.
然而，又过去了 10万亿年， BUT, AFTER ANOTHER 10 TRILLION YEARS,
甚至这些最小的 矮星 EVEN THESE SMALLEST OF DWARF STARS
也耗尽了燃料。 WILL USE UP THEIR FUEL.
卡库：我们知道的星星 终将停止燃烧能量， Kaku: STARS AS WE KNOW THEM WILL CEASE TO BURN ENERGY,
夜空 将变得黑暗。 AND THE NIGHT SKY WILL TURN BLACK.
各种死星的尸体， 黑洞， Narrator: BLACK HOLES, THE CORPSES OF DEAD STARS,
以及冷冷的尘埃云团 就是剩下的全体。 AND COLD CLOUDS OF GAS AND DUST ARE ALL THAT REMAINS.
星星的时代已经结束了。 THE AGE OF STARS IS OVER.
黑洞的时代开始了。 THE AGE OF BLACK HOLES BEGINS.
普莱特：黑洞将成为 宇宙的基本组成单位 Plait: BLACK HOLES BECOME THE FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCK
一个银河系将基本上变成 一个超大质量的黑洞， OF THE UNIVERSE.
周围有较小的 黑洞在其周围运行。 A GALAXY WILL BASICALLY BE A SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE
从某种程度来说，那像是 一个幽灵宇宙。 IN THE CENTER, WITH SMALLER BLACK HOLES ORBITING IT.
那就是尸体， 僵尸星们， IN SOME WAYS, IT'S KIND OF A GHOST UNIVERSE.
让我们看到 未来的窗口。 IT'S THE CORPSES, THE ZOMBIE STARS,
充满黑洞的 僵尸星系 THAT WILL TAKE US INTO THE FUTURE.
仍然在发展。 Narrator: ZOMBIE GALAXIES FILLED WITH BLACK HOLES
它们在收集 恒星的遗骸。 CONTINUE TO EVOLVE.
黑洞 和黑洞融合。 THEY SWEEP UP THE DEAD REMAINS OF STARS.
普莱特：它们会互相消灭 并且变得更大， BLACK HOLE MERGES WITH BLACK HOLE.
也许它们会坠入 中心的超大质量黑洞， Plait: THEY'LL EAT EACH OTHER AND THEY'LL GET BIGGER,
超大质量黑洞则 变得更大。 AND MAYBE THEY'LL FALL INTO THE SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLE
宇宙仍然有 兴奋和活跃的地方， AND IT'LL GET BIGGER.
我们讨论的时间尺度 THE UNIVERSE WILL STILL BE AN EXCITING, DYNAMIC PLACE,
已经是万亿年了， IT'S JUST THAT THE TIME SCALES YOU'RE TALKING ABOUT
而不是千或百万年。 ARE NOW TRILLIONS OF YEARS
任何避免被黑洞吸引 的物质， INSTEAD OF THOUSANDS OR MILLIONS OF YEARS.
最终都会因为质子的消耗 而消亡。 Narrator: ANY MATERIAL THAT EVADES THE PULL OF A BLACK HOLE
一个质子，原子物质的 基本构成单位， EVENTUALLY DIES AWAY AS ITS PROTONS DISINTEGRATE.
构成我们自身的元素， 可以瞬间瓦解， A PROTON, ONE OF THE FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS
然而这需要 极长的时间。 OF ATOMIC MATTER, OF WHAT MAKES US UP,
那最终也会消失。 CAN JUST SPONTANEOUSLY FALL APART,
剩下的只有 黑洞海洋。 AND IT TURNS OUT THIS TAKES A TREMENDOUSLY LONG TIME.
科学家曾经以为 黑洞是不朽的， BUT EVEN THAT WILL GO AWAY.
但是最后即使它们 也会消失。 Narrator: ALL THAT WILL BE LEFT IS A SEA OF BLACK HOLES.
现在我们要谈论的 时间尺度， SCIENTISTS USED TO THINK BLACK HOLES WERE IMMORTAL,
是无法想象的长度—— BUT EVEN THESE WILL ONE DAY DIE.
千秋万载 深入未来。 NOW WE'RE TALKING ABOUT TIME SCALES
但在那个时间尺度上， OF UNIMAGINABLE LENGTH --
即使是黑洞 也开始蒸发。 QUADRILLIONS OF YEARS INTO THE FUTURE.
它们将变得越来越小， BUT ON THAT TIME SCALE,
然后，唰的一下，它们就没了。 EVEN THE BLACK HOLES BEGIN TO EVAPORATE.
当最后一颗黑洞消亡时， 宇宙将会结束。 THEY'LL GET SMALLER AND SMALLER AND SMALLER,
当它越来越小，蒸发的速度 AND THEN, POOF, THEY'LL BE GONE.
开始指数型增长。 Narrator: THE UNIVERSE WILL END
过不久， 它就会达到一个大小， WHEN THE LAST REMAINING BLACK HOLE DIES.
那是一个十万亿分之一 十万亿分之一十万亿分之一的英寸。 AS IT GETS SMALLER, THE EVAPORATION RATE
在那一瞬间， 物理定律崩溃， INCREASES EXPONENTIALLY.
最后一个黑洞在 伽玛射线的闪光中爆炸， BEFORE LONG, IT REACHES A SIZE
一无所有。 A BILLIONTH OF A TRILLIONTH OF A TRILLIONTH OF AN INCH.
在那一瞬间， 物理定律崩溃， AT THAT INSTANT, THE LAWS OF PHYSICS BREAK DOWN,
最后一个黑洞在 伽马射线的闪光中爆炸， AND THE LAST BLACK HOLE EXPLODES IN A FLASH OF GAMMA RAYS,
留下的是 虚无。 LEAVING NOTHING.
它将以 一道突如其来的光辉消失， AND IT WILL DIE IN A SUDDEN BURST OF LIGHT,
那是 最后的一道光辉， THE LAST BURST OF LIGHT
将在整个宇宙历史中 消失。 IN THE ENTIRE HISTORY OF THE UNIVERSE.
冰冻大结局正在来临。 Narrator: THE BIG FREEZE IS COMING.
宇宙将会以一种冷淡， 缓慢且黑暗的方式消逝， THE UNIVERSE WILL SUFFER A COLD, SLOW, DARK DEATH
这将会演播 WHICH WILL PLAY OUT
数万亿年。 OVER TRILLIONS UPON TRILLIONS OF YEARS.
但是量子物理学为我们 留下了一道门， BUT QUANTUM PHYSICS LEAVES THE DOOR OPEN
那是一种可以改变命运的， FOR AN ALTERNATIVE END,
强大到无法形容， 具有毁灭性的现象， AN EVENT SO POWERFUL, SO DESTRUCTIVE,
它有可能在我们甚至没来得及放眼所见的一刹那 毁灭所有事物。 THAT IT COULD DESTROY EVERYTHING WE SEE IN THE BLINK OF AN EYE.
而它可能会在 明天发生。 AND IT COULD HAPPEN TOMORROW.
宇宙的末日—— Narrator: THE END OF THE UNIVERSE --
正在来临。 IT'S COMING.
暗能量正在加速 银河系间的空间扩张， DARK ENERGY ACCELERATES THE SPACE BETWEEN GALAXIES,
推动我们看到的一切 走向一个漫长，冰冷， PUSHING EVERYTHING WE SEE TO A LONG, COLD,
且缓慢消亡的未来。 AND VERY SLOW DEATH.
除非，也就是说，先有 奇特的事情发生。 UNLESS, THAT IS, SOMETHING BIZARRE HAPPENS FIRST.
一个名为 相变的怪物 A MONSTER CALLED PHASE TRANSITION
正在潜伏在黑暗中， IS LURKING IN THE SHADOWS,
它随时都可能消灭 时空之矩， AND IT COULD ANNIHILATE THE FABRIC OF SPACE AND TIME
在任何时刻。 AT ANY MOMENT.
当我们让水冷却， 它就会变成冰。 WHEN WE COOL DOWN WATER, IT TURNS INTO ICE.
它的性质发生了改变。 THE PROPERTIES CHANGE.
如果你生活在水中， 当它变成冰的时候， IF YOU LIVED IN THE WATER, WHEN IT CHANGED TO ICE,
你的世界 会变得截然不同。 YOUR WORLD WOULD BE VERY DIFFERENT.
当水失去能量时， 它会发生相变变成冰。 Narrator: WATER PHASE CHANGES INTO ICE WHEN IT LOSES ENERGY.
泰格马克：我曾经把一瓶水 留在车上过夜。 Tegmark: I ONCE LEFT A WATER BOTTLE IN MY CAR OVERNIGHT.
它依然是液体， 但当我触摸它的时候， IT WAS STILL LIQUID, BUT THE MOMENT I TOUCHED IT,
轻微的瑕疵， THE SLIGHT IMPERFECTION,
形成的一点点冰花， 开始蔓延， THE LITTLE BIT OF ICE THAT IT FORMED, SPREAD,
瞬间，就填满了 整个瓶子。 POOF, AND FILLED UP THE WHOLE BOTTLE.
这种快速转变 为新的状态， Narrator: THAT RAPID CHANGE TO SOMETHING NEW
就被称为相变， IS CALLED A PHASE TRANSITION,
同样的，这种现象 可能发生在空空如也的空间中。 AND BIZARRELY, THE SAME THING COULD HAPPEN TO EMPTY SPACE.
我们已经彻底理解 WE'VE REALLY COME TO UNDERSTAND
我们不能认为， 空虚， THAT WE SHOULDN'T TAKE FOR GRANTED THAT...VACUUM,
我们所说的无， 是稳定的。 WHAT WE CALL NOTHING, IS ACTUALLY STABLE.
可能的是，空间中储存的能量 只是等待在某次相变中被释放。 IT COULD BE THAT THE ENERGY STORED IN EMPTY SPACE
如果是这样，那么 物理定律将会改变。 IS JUST WAITING TO BE RELEASED IN A PHASE TRANSITION.
在时空结构中 自发发生的故障， IF IT IS, THE LAWS OF PHYSICS WILL CHANGE.
可能会引发空间的相变， 一块新宇宙的小泡沫开始蔓延，
Narrator: A SPONTANEOUS GLITCH IN THE FABRIC OF SPACE-TIME 可能会引发空间的相变， 一块新宇宙的小泡沫开始蔓延，
复写旧的。 COULD TRIGGER A PHASE TRANSITION OF SPACE,
我们知道这可能发生， 因为它已经发生过了。 A TINY BUBBLE OF NEW UNIVERSE THAT SPREADS OUT,
这就是一个新事物 以快速的方式替代旧事物， OVERWRITING THE OLD.
相变的过程， 坑洞中可能会走出可以 在眼泪和笑容中轮回的人， WE KNOW IT CAN HAPPEN, BECAUSE IT'S HAPPENED BEFORE.
我们不能轻易让他们 成为给未来的绊脚石，
AT THE MOMENT OF THE BIG BANG, 我们不能轻易让他们 成为给未来的绊脚石，
相反，无论多么短暂， 幸福都是我们真正的希望。 AT THE MOMENT OF THE BIG BANG,
THE UNIVERSE THAT'S FIRST CREATED 相反，无论多么短暂， 幸福都是我们真正的希望。
IS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT TO THE ONE WE SEE TODAY. 相反，无论多么短暂， 幸福都是我们真正的希望。
无论如何， 我们都无法忍受背叛， IS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT TO THE ONE WE SEE TODAY.
我们曾经有过的欢笑和泪水， 都在我们的心中， IS COMPLETELY DIFFERENT TO THE ONE WE SEE TODAY.
HOT AND WITHOUT FORM, 我们曾经有过的欢笑和泪水， 都在我们的心中，
THERE'S NO MATTER, NO TIME. 我们曾经有过的欢笑和泪水， 都在我们的心中，
让我们一起感受， 那些无法消减的情感。 THERE'S NO MATTER, NO TIME.
物理学的法则 已经改变了。 THE LAWS OF PHYSICS ARE DIFFERENT. 让我们一起感受， 那些无法消减的情感。
如果有人告诉你， 即使一刹那的快乐， THE LAWS OF PHYSICS ARE DIFFERENT. 物理学的法则 已经改变了。
突然之间，短短的 一瞬间后， SUDDENLY, LESS THAN A TRILLIONTH OF A SECOND LATER, 如果有人告诉你， 即使一刹那的快乐，
一个小故障触发了 相变。 A GLITCH TRIGGERS A PHASE TRANSITION. 如果有人告诉你， 即使一刹那的快乐，
A GLITCH TRIGGERS A PHASE TRANSITION. 一个小故障触发了 相变。
我们今天所生活的宇宙 的一个微小泡沫形成， A TINY BUBBLE OF THE UNIVERSE WE LIVE IN TODAY FORMS,
并且开始向外 激增， AND IT RACES OUTWARD,
摧毁它触碰到的任何事物， DESTROYING EVERYTHING IT TOUCHES
就像冰 在水中的蔓延。 LIKE ICE SPREADING THROUGH WATER.
溢出的能量 造就了时间和空间， THE ENERGY THAT SPILLS OUT CREATES THE SPACE AND TIME
我们存在其中， THAT WE EXIST IN,
物质的建构块 以及掌管它们的力量。 THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER AND THE FORCES THAT GOVERN THEM.
全部的能量被释放， 产生了全部的物质， ALL THAT ENERGY WAS RELEASED, PRODUCING ALL THE MATTER
以及我们今日在宇宙中观察 到的辐射。 AND RADIATION WE OBSERVE IN THE UNIVERSE TODAY.
旧宇宙 放弃了它的能量， Narrator: THE OLD UNIVERSE GIVES UP ITS ENERGY
来创造新的宇宙。 TO CREATE THE NEW.
但是它保留了一些。 BUT IT HOLDS SOME BACK.
空间的真空 仍然含有绑定的能量。 THE VACUUM OF SPACE STILL HAS ENERGY BOUND TO IT.
或许这就是我们今天所见 的暗能量。 PERHAPS THIS IS THE DARK ENERGY WE SEE TODAY.
物理学家相信 未来的某一天， PHYSICISTS BELIEVE THAT SOMEDAY IN THE FUTURE,
空间-时间中全新的 一个小故障， A BRAND NEW GLITCH IN THE FABRIC OF SPACE-TIME
可能会触发另一个 相变， MAY TRIGGER ANOTHER PHASE TRANSITION,
一个将我们以及我们能看见 的一切， ONE THAT WIPES US AND EVERYTHING WE SEE
消灭得无影无踪。 OUT OF EXISTENCE.
这就是一种毁灭 整个宇宙的方式， THIS IS A WAY TO DESTROY AN ENTIRE UNIVERSE,
因为在你的宇宙之中， BECAUSE WITHIN YOUR UNIVERSE
包含了它诞生 的种子。 ARE THE SEEDS OF ITS OWN DESTRUCTION.
如果以光速展开， 就会形成一个死亡泡沫， IT WOULD SPREAD OUT AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT IN A DEATH BUBBLE,
它通过的地方， 所有的星系都会被毁， RUINING ALL THE GALAXIES AS IT PASSES THROUGH,
最终彻底毁灭 我们的宇宙。 AND ULTIMATELY COMPLETELY DESTROYING OUR UNIVERSE.
没有任何事物可以在 相变扩张中幸存。 Narrator: NOTHING CAN SURVIVE THE EXPANDING PHASE TRANSITION.
行星，星云，星系 在泡沫接触到它们的边界时都会被撕裂。 PLANETS, NEBULAS, GALAXIES -- ALL ARE RIPPED APART
在这个泡沫之内， 质子不稳定， AS THE BOUNDARY OF THE BUBBLE REACHES THEM.
原子开始以新的形式 开始重构。 INSIDE THIS BUBBLE, PROTONS ARE UNSTABLE,
当这些泡沫 开始扩大， ATOMS BEGIN TO REARRANGE IN A NEW FORM OF MATTER.
一个新的宇宙正在诞生， AS THESE BUBBLES BEGIN TO EXPAND,
在老的宇宙的 残骸之中， A NEW UNIVERSE IS BEING BORN
以及物理学法则 的新纪元的开始。 IN THE CORPSE OF THE OLD UNIVERSE,
所以，我们现在所看到的 正在扩展的宇宙， AND THE BEGINNING OF A NEW LAW OF PHYSICS.
也许会在一个相变中结束， 但我们不会知道是什么打中了我们， AND SO, THE EXPANDING UNIVERSE WE NOW SEE
因为物理学的定律 将会改变， MAY END IN A PHASE TRANSITION, BUT WE WON'T KNOW WHAT HIT US,
而我们很有可能会在 这发生的瞬间消失。 'CAUSE THE LAWS OF PHYSICS WILL CHANGE,
佳科：这个泡沫将以光速 扩张， AND WE WILL ESSENTIALLY MOST LIKELY DISAPPEAR
并且当泡沫经过你的时候， AT THE INSTANT IT HAPPENS.
你身体上的所有原子 都会重新排列， Kaku: THIS BUBBLE WILL EXPAND AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT,
你将对此一无所知。 AND AS THE BUBBLE PASSES YOU,
你不会有任何警告， 因为泡沫本身 ALL THE ATOMS OF YOUR BODY REARRANGE THEMSELVES,
就是在光速下 扩展。 AND YOU WOULD NEVER KNOW IT.
你无法准确预测 什么时候会发生。 YOU WOULD HAVE NO WARNING, BECAUSE THE BUBBLE ITSELF
你只能有一个概率。 IS EXPANDING AT THE SPEED OF LIGHT.
所以你真的是 在预测一个比率。 YOU CAN'T PREDICT PRECISELY WHEN IT COULD HAPPEN.
那是否会每年发生一次？ 还是每隔百亿年发生一次？ YOU ONLY HAVE A PROBABILITY.
还是每隔一个古戈尔年？ 还是怎样。 SO WHAT YOU REALLY ARE PREDICTING IS A RATE.
很可能这些泡沫成核与增长 的频率， DOES IT HAPPEN ONCE A YEAR? ONCE EVERY 10 BILLION YEARS?
会在大约每隔 十或二十亿年之间。 ONCE EVERY GOOGOL YEARS? OR WHATEVER.
所以，这将是因为 我们幸运而尚未发生。 IT'S VERY POSSIBLE THAT THESE BUBBLES GET NUCLEATED
这是不大可能在明年或者 明天就会发生， AND GROW ABOUT ONCE EVERY 10 OR 20 BILLION YEARS.
但物理学法则 完全允许这种事情发生。 SO IT HASN'T HAPPENED YET BECAUSE WE GOT LUCKY.
这不太可能在明年或 明天就发生， IT'S UNLIKELY IT WOULD HAPPEN THE NEXT YEAR OR THE NEXT DAY,
但物理学的定律 绝对允许它。 BUT THE LAWS OF PHYSICS ABSOLUTELY ALLOW IT.
相变可能会发生， 也可能不会。 Narrator: A PHASE CHANGE MAY HAPPEN, OR IT MAY NOT.
宇宙对它的牌照 保持紧密的控制。 THE UNIVERSE PLAYS ITS CARDS CLOSE TO ITS CHEST.
而且，就像暗能量 和暗物质一样， AND, LIKE DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER,
可能还有更多的惊喜 在等待我们... THERE MAY BE MORE SURPRISES TO COME...
...这些惊喜只会增加 我们对宇宙的神秘和惊奇 ...SURPRISES THAT WILL ONLY ADD TO THE MYSTERY AND WONDER
我们的宇宙为我们保留。 OUR UNIVERSE HOLDS FOR US.
Oluseyi:不管宇宙 在做什么， Oluseyi: WHATEVER THE UNIVERSE IS UP TO,
我们还了解得不够。 WE STILL DON'T KNOW ENOUGH.
我们现在正处于发现 的时代。 WE'RE IN AN AGE OF DISCOVERY RIGHT NOW.
或许还有其他的事物 在那里， PERHAPS THERE IS SOMETHING ELSE OUT THERE
等待我们去发现。 THAT WE DON'T KNOW ABOUT.
所以，我不会做 任何结论， SO, I'M NOT GOING TO DRAW ANY CONCLUSIONS
直到情况明确。 UNTIL THINGS ARE CONCLUSIVE.
[ WHOOSHING ] [ WHOOSHING ]
克劳斯：我们不明白 暗能量的本质。 Krauss: WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THE NATURE OF DARK ENERGY.
没有那样的理解， 几乎任何事都有可能发生。 AND WITHOUT THAT UNDERSTANDING, VIRTUALLY ANYTHING IS POSSIBLE.
未来仍然充满不确定， THE FUTURE IS STILL UNCERTAIN,
那意味着 还有神秘待解。 AND THAT MEANS THERE'S STILL A MYSTERY.
对我来说，那是所有可能性中 最让人激动的。 AND FOR ME, THAT'S THE MOST EXCITING POSSIBILITY OF ALL.